Thursday, May 23, 2013

The Power in a Name!

http://farforestscrolls.com
              For the second three parts of the story behind the Far Forest Scrolls I concentrate on the linguistic background of many of the words found within the Far Forest Scrolls.  I have to give a giant shout of thanks out to Professor RC Novotny.  I almost exclusively used his notes taken during the translation process.  Of course a big thanks to Hunter Ross for giving me unlimited access to his discovery.
              I am NOT a language guy.  I relied on the notes from Dr Novotny and several translation websites.  The ones I used the most are:

      All the scrolls with drawings on them by the author A4 are not mine.  I want to thank Hunter Ross for his permission to reproduce them here!  I am not going to put this under each image, but please don't use them without the permission of Hunter (don't ask me).

A
Aard Mountains: ard is Irish for tall.  A roughly “L” shaped range that rings in the Desert of Calor on the southern and eastern sides.  These mountains suck most of the moisture from the air and feed it down into the River Alta, leaving the desert to scorch under the three suns of Verngaurd.
Abhainn River: Abhainn is Irish for River.  A river that flows south from Lake Qualitas to Mohado Mire through the Forest of Creber.


      This scroll on the left is a drawing of a Northern Dwarf Vioma division.  They were the Aer Ridire who would ride the Vioma or green dragons (pictured on the right).
Aer Ridire: is Irish for air knight.  These Northern Dwarves ride Vioma Dragons and serve as their countries cavalry.
The Aer Ridire have a rough language to communicate with the Vioma Dragons who do not have the language skills of the Kirvella or blue dragons.
Examples of commands:
attack=hyokkays (Finnish for attack)
bring= herras (Finnish for lord (as in someone served)
down= nuh
hover= hodda
fast-geiv 
faster= givva
fia asteikko= fiasta (fia is Irish for deer)
fire= pyrros (plural for pyromaniac-originally from Greek root)
flank=sivu  (Finnish for sidewall or flank)
forward=eteenpain (eteenpäin is Finnish for forward)
go home=sisu koti (Finnish for go home)
hunt= sivver
kill= ween
left=gilla
me= unnoas
release=julkaisu (Finnish for release)
right=rigga 
skin= e-attaya
slow= steen
Up= huun
Alta River: allta is Irish for wild.  River formed by the major offshoot of the South Kaksi River and mountain streams running down from Aard Mountain.  It runs through the Western Elves territory.
Anen: anen is Danish for ancestor.  This ancient town is famous for the tallest watchtower in all of Verngaurd.  This watchtower was ransacked by Dark Warriors.
Aon Intinn, Temple: Irish for one mind.  This relatively new temple was ordered by Storlax to be placed on Far Western border of Northern Dwarf Kingdom.  The Northern Dwarves took great offense, seeing through the Proliators ploy to surround them.
Arbre Fonce: the alternative name for the Dark Forest of the Northern country means “dark tree” in French.  It is mostly populated with conifer trees lined with a jet black bark.  There are many rumors around Verngaurd that the forest is inhabited by soul sucking creatures.
Affiso: comes from the Itallian word affisso, posted sign or notice:  It is the seal given to all villages and towns under protection of Knights.  When presented to a knight or castle it guarantees they will respond to defend or help them.
Ager: in Latin means field or farm.  It is a country on eastern coast of Verngaurd.  Agrarian society.
Ainoa: in Finnish means the one or the only.  It is the central volcano of the Proliate islands, the most active and largest one.  Believed to be the birthplace of Tallcon and all of humanity.  Hence, the Proliate are the appointed guardians of it and thereby the entirety of Verngaurd.
Alas Basin: allas is Finnish for basin or vat.  This basin sits south of Lake Qualitas in the Forest of Creber (a basin is a natural depressions in the earth’s surface).
Amathia: in the story a sailing ship.  Is one of the fifty nereids or sea nymphs from Greek Mythology.
angladd: is Welsh for funeral.  The thin red robe worn by the Proliate under their armor as reminder that their death is imminent, but for the greater glory of Tallcon it is a peaceful thought.
Antaa: Finnish for heal.  This is a general term for any healer.  It is slang for their official title, parantaa.
Ainmhi Caint:  Ainmhi is Irish for animal, while Caint is Irish for talk.  Animal talker is ainmhithe Cainteoir.  For us it means one who has the gift of speaking to animals.  Bellae is the last one of this ancient line with such a gift.
Bellae, the last of the animal talkers (Ainmhi Caint)
Anclas: is spanish for anchor.  A deadly and savage weapon of the Piscium army-one side ends in a savage anchor like weapon.  It was known for its ferocious and devastating force.
Arbor breith: arbor in Latin is tree; breith in Irish is birth.  Each Creber Elf has a special birth tree that they have strong attachments to.  Most live their entire life very near their arbor breith and die there.
Arbre Fonce: arbre is French for tree and fonce is French for dark.  This Dark Forest is populated with ebony conifer trees with needle like leaves.  The trunks of the trees have pitch black bark which gives the forest its name.  Some believe that the forest is burdened by a curse as dark as its trees.  Others feel it is just a myth.
Archerians: In Latin archos is ruler.  
Arnebia: is based on a real plant endemic to Turkey, Arnebia densiflora.  This plant has been shown in research to have healing property.
Arteria: is Finnish for meal.  It is the sacred eating place where the Elves of Creber eat as a group once per day.
Asphodel: in mythology, Homer, was thought to be the food of the dead as it had a pale grey stem.
Athidial trees: Athidal is Hungarian bridge.  They are massive trees whose roots form a series of archways.
Azul River: azul is Spanish for blue.  A massive river system that starts in the northern icy seas as the North Azul River and after dumping into Pallen Lake, becomes the South Azul River and the Azul Dela River.
B
Báis te Pass: Báis te is Irish for hot death.  Due to the exorbitant heights and tight spacing of the Umulig and Aard Mountains, this is the only land trail into the blindingly hot Desert of Calor.
Balia, Temple: balia in Italian is nurse, balìa is mercy.  A temple on the third largest Proliate Islands.  It is north of the famous Kova Cliffs.
Barsk, Temple: barsk is Danish for harsh.  This temple is on the second largest Proliate Island, it is an island considered the harshest.  Although all the Proliate Islands are inhospitable, this is particularly unmerciful.  Temple Barsk is generally considered the worst assignment by all Master Clericus.
Battle of Petturi:  Petturi is Hungarian for traitor.   It is a battle from the Dark Wars in Knights history.  It was the treachery of the Southern Dwarves who cost the battle for the Knights.  The Knights had the upper hand and were just starting to route the Warriors when the Dwarves turned from their position on the right flank and attacked the center of the Knights line.  It folded and then the tide of battle turned.  Money was the motivation.
Bete Rocks: bête is French for beast.  A series of incredibly large rocks of jagged and yet, aesthetic appeal in Western Jaa.  Despite their appeal few visitors dare to challenge the endemic valkea osolobos, or wolf bear.
Bjalla tollur: is bells tolling in Icelandic.  It is the outpost where Ritari finds the destroyed villagers of Vanalia.  Symbolizes war is coming Friar does throw out one more desperation try for peace.
Bocht is Irish word for poor.  It is the village near base of Western Mountain Range of Northern Dwarves.  Svika and his daughter come from here.
Bokan, Mount: bolcan is Irish for volcano.  Actually describes the largest mountain and the entire very small range of mountains/mostly extinguished volcanoes which sit in the northern part of Cappadocia.
Boltinn: is Icelandic for ball.  These are the spherical balls made of a thin wood that the Knights use to throw rancid and fetid entrails etc over the walls to sicken the defenders.
Bota plant:  Bota is Swedish for cure or healing.  It is a small blue vine (blue stem and leaves) that grows along riverbanks near the Redwood forests. 
Breithla: Irish for birthday.  When a squire turns eighteen they can test for the Knighthood.  The test involves trials, exams, and a night in the cemetery contemplating their own death.
C
caith: is Irish for cast, throw or consume.  It is the substance immediately around the base of the tremendously large tree sitting in the Elves of Creber’s temple or chyfys.  It is excreted from the tree.  A top layer is a film of hard matter.  Below it is a liquid like substance.  No one knows how deep it is.  If stepped into it will swallow you whole.  The dead are dumped into it.
Calor, Desert of: calor is heat in Spanish.  Dr Novotny pointed out to us that the situation in the books which are described as creating the Desert of Calor are the same circumstances that lead to the Atacama desert in South America.  Calor is situated near mountains and wind patterns that conspire to keep it dry.  The mountains create a rain shadow (capturing all of the moisture on the eastern side-keeping it away from Calor).  Also, because of the unusual wind patterns blowing away from land, little moisture from the ocean can make it onto the desert.
Desert of Calor in Verngaurd
image taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Atacama.png
Cavalo: is Portuguese for horse.  These horses are from the Western region of Verngaurd, the Vahse Plains.   They are fiercely independent and hard to tame.  Crann, the Knight Finn’s horse, is a Cavalo horse.
Champron: is the name for the armor used to protect a horses face.
Chatelaine: châtelaine means lady of the manor in French.  This is an eye-catching city at the foothills of the Kicsi Kapu Mountains.  The town was founded and named by Reheva.  She discovered a fairly large gold vein-one of the very few outside of the Southern Dwarf kingdom.
Chyfys: is Welsh for temple.  This is the name for the sacred area of the Elves of Creber where their sacred ceremonies take place.  Its “roof” is the giant canopy of the Tree of Life (edelia arbor breith).
Citidel or Citadel of Sedes:  Sedes in Portuguese is headquarters and in Latin is throne (or seat).  This is the seat of power for the Proliate and Magicians in Verngaurd.  The city was called Cumhacht under the Knights.
Clericus, Master:  The Master Clericus are distinguished from standard Master Magicians by a red phoenix in middle of gold star on head band and on right breast of their robe.  They theatrically lead services at temples dedicated to Tallcon.
Cogumelo: is Portuguese for mushroom.  It is the name of the main food source of the Fairies, the brown ones with a white powdery mold on them, and yellowish layers inside.  MMM!  Faixa-cogumelo is the name for the tan ones with milky white, jagged streaks across it.  You are suppose to dip that hard, thin bread into the milky part and eat it.  Faixa: is Portuguese for stripe or streak.
Conaisc is Irish for merge/amalgamate/connections.  It is the name for the ritual performed by a Prete or clergy of the Creber Elves when two Elves are joined in marriage.
Cosan Bridge: Cosan is Irish for path.  It is the critical bridge north of Liberum where you can easily cross the river Vita.
Creber, Elves of; Forest of: Creber is Latin for thick or dense (in reference to the plentiful trees of the forest and the Elves of the same name).
See the hidden Elf?
cruinniú: Irish for meeting.  This is an open air meeting area for the chaotic countrywide meetings held in the Rebelde Plains.  A series of large stones serve as the rough boundary for the gathering.

Cumhacht: is Irish for power.  It was a great city of learning and training of mind, body and spirit when the Independent Knight were at their full power.  When Magicians and Proliators took over it was renamed Citadel. Was nicknamed the white city for all of its white washed walls.
Custodis: is Latin for guardian or spy.  This is an invisible amulet that is worn around the neck and allows the Magician who created it to see and hear what the wearer does.
D
Dapur, Gulf of: dapur is Icelandic for sad.  It is a well protected gulf on the Northwest corner of Verngaurd near Cappadocia and the Redwood Forest.
dearg: Irish for red.  This snake like red plant is common to the hot water springs of the north.  The people of Jaa use it for many purposes, including decoration
Rite of Desumo (Latin for to elect or pick out).  This is a rite in Cappadocia where a newborn Spriggan and a three year old Sprite “choose” one another.  The Spriggan will eventually take on the color of the Sprite it selects.  They will develop their own unique language.  If the Sprite dies the Spriggan will not be able to communicate with anyone else and will usually die within a day or two.  Sprites can sometimes live for years without their Spriggan.  This relationship creates fierce protectionism, and they defend one another to the death.
Diezmar: is Spanish for decimate.  These giant siege engines were developed by the Proliators.  They are an advancement on the trebuchet or counter weight based siege engine that were designed to be able to destroy any wall.  They use a complex series of pulleys to add to the power of the counter weight system.  Each Diezmar is capable of firing eight projectiles in rapid succession.
Domination: Kirvella dragons call it Rikja which is Icelandic-Dominate or to rule/reign.  It is an ancient, complex game of skill.  Initially invented by the Kirvella dragons.  Pieces include King, General, Knights, Archers, Foot Soldiers, and Stonemasons.  Board has two parallel levels of black and white squares.
doden trinn: Norwegian for death step.  As the League of truth followed the prophesy they came to the Kuolema Vuori, or death mountain.  At the top they are instructed to take the death step.
draak: draak is Dutch for dragon.  The draak or dragon sword is the famous weapon of the Northern Dwarves.  This fearsome sword has curved spikes up the entire length of the sword.
A Northern Dwarf holding a draak sword.
Droite Mountains: droite is French for both right and priviledge.  Fitting in that it makes up the right hand border of the Southern Dwarves territory and they are very entitled.  Temarkable ranges within the Southern Dwarf Kingdom, it makes up the eastern or right border of their territory and runs north to south.
Dunn, Tower of: dünn is thin in German.  This tall and slender structure is the majestic tower of the Western Elves-the centerpiece of their elaborate buildings.  Intricate gold designs ring this black towers circumference.  It sits on the eastern border of the Plain of Dunn.
E
edelia arbor breith: arbor in Latin is tree; breith in Irish is birth.  Edelia is a combination of two words: edellä Finnish for foremost, above, ahead of, and εντελεια Greek for perfection. the central, humongous tree in center of chyfys (temple area for Elves of Creber).  It is said to be the first tree of Creber, the birth tree of the nation of Elves.  Also known as the Tree of Life.
Effeus Woods: efferus is wild in Latin-an apt name for this wildlife hideaway.  These woods sit to the west of Jaa and the east of the River Leita/Leita Falls.  It is a vibrant forest teaming with life.
Elandiri: modified from Dutch for moose, eland, and Finnish for the same, hirvi.  This is the Stag Moose squad in Castle Liberum.  They share astronomy class with the Pantteri, Tilkeri, and Karhuteri squads. 
Elevado Mountains: elevado is Spanish for high/elevated.  The northern border of the Southern Dwarf Kingdom.  These mountains are among the highest in all of Verngaurd and home to some of the oldest (Kääpio) and largest (Teras) mines of the Kingdom.
Eluvies Delta: eluvies is Latin for overflowing/flood.  A large delta fed by the river Vita, which spreads its sediments into the fan shaped delta before dumping into the sea.
embrasure: a space in the wall for archers or those with crossbows to fire from.
enchantments: for a complete listing of the story behind these powerful incantations, see my post on Enchantments.
Ensjel, Temple: en sjel is Norwegian for a soul.  This fearsome Proliate temple is near the Southern Dwarf Kingdom.
eximus-nex: Eximius is Latin for exception and nex for violent death respectively.    This is an exception to the ancient Knight code of always burying their dead within the walls of their own castle (Liberum).  The exceptions: if on campaign far away, if the death was particularly savage (only pieces remain or burned), or other extreme circumstances.
F
Fada River: fada is Portuguese for fairy.  This long river runs from the Leita Falls all the way to Lake Pacis.  Combined with the Leita River, Leita Falls, Lake Pacis, and the Kaksi Rivers it helps isolate Western Verngaurd (Fairies and Sprites of Cappadocia; the Eaglians of the Redwoods, and the Western Elves.
Faicail: fiacail is Irish for tooth.  In Verngaurd refers to a small bear like creature.
Farraige: is Irish for sea.  In Verngaurd it is the most famous of the Galleons used by Knights during Dark Wars.
Feen, Hills of: feen, in German, means fairies.  These rolling hills sit in Western Verngaurd between the Marskimaa Wetlands and the plains of Cappadocia.
Ferratus Lanx: is Latin for armor and scale, i.e. armor plating.  In Verngaurd it is a vicious creature of Calor Desert.

G
Gammel: is Norwegian for old.  They are caves near the mines of Kulta.  Skilled artisan Dwarfs work on cave decorations.
Glan: glan is Irish for net.  One of the few Piscinian towns of any size that is not directly next to the sea.  They specialize in trade and pottery.
Glanha, Tunnel:  Glanha is Welsh for clean/purify.  A long frightening tunnel that is the entrance to the main Temple of the Citadel.
Glasere, Lake: glasere is Norwegian for ice.  This massive gelid lake sits on the northern tip of the Tingij Mountain Range.  The Ice Falls of the north relinquish their ice cold water into the lake’s northern border.  The lake forms in inverted “U” around the Northern Tingij preventing anyone from walking around the northern tip of the mountains.  
H
Haavi: haavi is Finnish for net.  Other than the capital of Pescare, this is considered the most elegant and impressive city of Piscium.  It is best known for the tall circular tower in the city square.  Many influential Piscinians have summer homes in Haavi.  Protected by the main Proliate Island, it is known for golden beaches and calm waters.
Hada River: hada is Spanish for fairy.  This longest river through Cappadocia is fortified by the Kaynnissa Streams (from the Marskimaa Wetlands) before diving through the Giant Redwood Forest.
hana: is Finnish for hammer or tap, it is the name of Sorea’s great seige engine for destruction.
Hassa-Palvella Singers: hassu is Finnish for crazy, funny while palvella is Finnish duty, perform duties.  a group of male and female singers who assist in ceremonies honoring Tallcon at the Proliate temples.
havastaa rikastaa: Finnish words or derivatives.  Desire or kill (from havittaa), and to concentrate/enrich.  Describes the military strategy of concentrating fire on one portion of the enemy’s line instead of dispersing the arrows all across the formation.  Usually is the second or third volley to disrupt the enemy.
Helvetti: Is Finnish word for hell.  It is the Jaa word for the underworld or hell.
Enchanted Huuto (Finnish for yell).  Giant shell given by the Magicians to the Knights long ago.  Amplifies the voice of the speaker.
Hephaeustus: Ηφαιστος or Hephaestus was the blacksmith to the gods in Greek mythology.  He was the god of fire, especially relating to magma/lava.  He is an armorer, blacksmith, designer, and sculptor in Castle Liberum.
Hintels: or builders of forestHintelyys is Finnish for delicate build or spindliness.  These craftself use the birth tree’s uhri branches to craft weapons, tools, and utensils for all Elves of Creber.
Hirmulisko, Isle of: hirmulisko is Finnish for dinosaur.  This designated sanctuary for unique and fantastical creatures is the largest island of Verngaurd.  It is situated south of the mainland.
Hita, Bay of: hita is Icelandic for heat-it is south of the Desert of Calor.  Sometimes called the Bay of the Elves because the Western Elves territory surrounds it.
Honoo, Mount: 炎 or Honō is flame in Japanese.  It is the central mountain of the Northern Dwarves.
Horn, River: horn is Icelandic for angle.  This winding river is fed by rains off the eastern side of the Aard Mountains.  Its tortuous path scoots around the Western Elf city of Chatelaine before dumping into the sea.
horns of Infula: Latin for insignia or official.  This is a horn used by magicians and Proliate gaurds.
Hunaja:  Finnish for honey.  This is a thick honey based sauce.  Made with eggs, honey, a small amount of flour, and if available some brown sugar.
hysgegio: Ysgegio is Welsh for jerk.  It is the word used by Princess Hamaza in Veneficus’ chambers after the entire group is put under the forced confinement enchantment.
I
Inion: is Irish for daughter): the name of the medallion given to Elfin daughters of the Creber forest.  Finn gives one to Bellae. 
Imir, River: Imir is Irish for play or hue/color.  It is a river of splendid color in Cappadocia.  Peppered with various colors of flowers.  Home to the Sprites and Spriggans.
iaculum: is Latin for javelin or spear.  A Piscinian spear known as a disemboweling weapon.  It has the typical leaf like blade of a spear, but down it’s shaft it has several backwards facing barbs, almost as large as the top spear.  After easily piecing flesh, the spear’s backwards facing barbs would become entangled on bowel or other flesh and rip, cut, and pull them out.  It was a feared weapon and a reason in itself to wear armor around your midsection.

Iasc: iasc is Irish for fish.  A Piscinian city north of the capital of Pescare.  They proudly boast they are the best of the best sailors.  They developed special nets and weights to allow deep sea fishing.
Idor, Ruins of: idor is Hungarian for time or time to time.  Time has caught up to this once proud castle.  Sitting just north of the Mohado Mire are the remains of one of the greatest castles of the Independent Knights.  With Cumhacht (now the Citadel) on the other side of the massive Tingij Mountains, Idor stood as the most powerful castle west of the Tingij.  It was one of the many castles to be abandoned after the first Dark Wars.
Ifrean: ifreann is Irish for hell.  The land of White Wizard across the Dark Sea from Verngaurd.  Little is known of this mysterious land.  Very few maps of Ifrean exist, purposefully done by White Wizard to slow down travel to the continent and keep people there and dependent on him.  This secret also thwarts attack.

Known cities of Ifrean:
Almal Sterf: almal is Afrikaans for all, sterf is Dutch for death.  City on Mainland, north of Gulf of Death
Daor: expensive in Irish (entering here will cost you your life).  This city on the South Isle overlooks the scenic Cove of Pain.
Darlig: dårlig is Danish for nasty, miserable, bad.  City on the small southern island in cluster of Antaith Islands.
Dunmharu: dunmharu is Irish for murder.  The coastal city of the South Isle looks out over the Cove of Pain.
Genau: genau is German for strict.  South Isle City.
Huono: huono is Finnish for poor, bad.  city on the small northern island in cluster of Antaith Islands.
Imaista: imaista is Finnish for suck.  This moderately large city rests near the far Eastern coast of the South Isle.
Litaut: lidt is Danish for “a little.”  Auta is Finnish for help.  “A little help.”  Litaut sits on the southern coast of the South Isle.
Ljat Borg: låghet is Swedish for lowness, borg is Dutch for guarantee.  This is a coastal city on Ifrean Mainland.  It sits just south of Gulf of Death.
Meghalsz: meghalsz is Hungarian for die.  A city on the large island of Paha Paikka.
Moro: mö is Finnish for cottages, réu is Portuguese for delinquent.  This is a large coastal city on Ifrean Mainland.  West of the Leiden Mountains.
Musta Kuolema: musta kuolema is Finnish for black death.  Musta is also the name of Ritari’s horse.  Because of the strict imposed isolation of Ifrean they would not know the other still used this ancient word.  This is by far the largest city in all of Ifrean.  It is home to the Black Citadel of the White Wizard.  If you displease the omnipotent leader you can expect to be tortured in this morose stronghold.
Myrsky: myrsky is Finnish for storm.  This city is on Ifrean Mainland east of Lake Hukkua.
Oi: oi is ah! is Finnish.  Oi sits on Southern coast of Ifrean Mainland.
Ongelmia: ongelmia is Finnish for problems.  South Isle city.
Onnea: onnea is good luck in Finnish.  It is one of the few cities on the eastern coast of Ifrean Mainland.
Orkan: orkan is German for hurricane or storm.  A rare settlement of the Archipelago of Du Dor.
Paska: paska is Finnish for crap.  A city on Ifrean Mainland, east of Lake Hukkua.
Pudyro: pedreiro is Portuguese for stonelayer.  This city sits on the main Antaith island.
Ruk: 入 is Chinese for enter.  South Isle city.
Slecht: slecht is Dutch for bad.  A far northern settlement of the Paha Paikka island.
Taivas: taivas is Finnish for heaven, sky.  Capital city of Paradise.  This blissful land can only be entered by invitation from the White Wizard and is a much coveted reward for loyal service.
Taber: taber is Danish for loser.  South Isle city.
Taperen:taperen is Norwegian for loser.  South Isle town.
Trafferth: trafferth is Welsh for trouble.  South Isle city.
Trwyn: trwyn is Welsh for proboscis (it sucks).  A small town on the South Isle.
Varoa: varoa is Finnish for watch out.  South Isle city on the western coast.
Geological Formations/Landmarks:
Death, Gulf of: deep gulf on eastern coast of Ifrean Mainland.
Deild, Wall of: deeld is Afrikaans for divided.  This massive wall splits the mainland of Ifrean into two sections.  Those to the west of the wall are live under constant anxiety and anguish.  Those to the east, in Paradise, are said to live in bliss-free from the White Wizard’s tyranny.
Du Dor, Archipelago of: du is French for the, dor is Portuguese for pain.  This string of small islands is dotted with an atoll and located off the east coast of Ifrean Mainland.
Hauska River: hauska is Finnish for funny.  Although there are undoubtedly more, only three rivers are known in all of Ifrean.  Hauska is the eastern branch of the Kusta River.
Hukkua, Lake: hukkua is Finnish for drown.  The only known lake sits in central Ifrean Mainland.
Itse River: itse is Finnish for oneself.  The western branch of the Kusta River.
Kallo Mountain: kallo is Finnish for skull.  A spectacular mountain on Paha Paikka.  It is unique in it height and solitude.  Some say they can see the outline of a skull on its south side.
Kusta River: kusta is Finnish for have a leak/urinate.  The main identified river which flows from Lake Hukkua.
Oko Zla: oko is Polish for eye, zla is Czech for evil.  A beautiful, if not dangerous, cenote or sinkhole.  This freshwater pit connects to many caverns and other cenote.
Pain, Cove of: this cove sits in the northern section of the South Isle.
Pudotaand Kuollu Canyon: pudota is Finnish for drop kuollu is Finnish for die (drop-and-die).  This deep gorge streaks across the southern Paha Paikka Island.
Redire Channel: redire is French for repeat or quarrel.  Separates the Ifrean Mainland from the South Isle.
Rehu Fields: rehu is Finnish for feed.  It is rumored that just east of the Wallof Deild sits the most fertile land in all the world.
Rengas Kuolema Atoll: rengas kuolema is Finnish for ring of death.  This circle shaped ring of coral sits atop the Archipelago of Du Dor.
Islands:
Antaith Islands: annuïteit is Dutch for repayment.  This group of four main islands is joined by countless smaller ones.
Ellines: ellende is Dutch for misery.  A sparsely populated island adrift in the central seas.
Ifrean Mainland: ifreann is Irish for hell.   This title donates the area west of the Wall of Deild and includes the capitol, Musta Kuolema.
Paha Paikka: paha paikka is Finnish for evil place.  Due east of Paradise and Ifrean Mainland, this large island is notable for Kallo Mountain and the Pudotaand Kuolla Canyon
Paradise: east of the Wall of Deild within the Ifrean Mainland, this area is said to be a utopia for all who serve the White Wizard well enough to gain his favor.  There is a magical barrier preventing anyone except those chosen by the White Wizard from entering.
South Isle: due south from Ifrean Mainland, they are separated by the Redire Channel.
Imir, River: i is Albanian for of, and mir (мир) is Russian for peace-”of peace.”  This is a river of unfathomable color in Cappadocia.  Peppered with various colors of flowers.  Home to the Sprites and Spriggens.
Inops: is Latin for poor.  It is a village near Northern Dwarf Territory.
Inion: the name of the medallion given to Elfin daughters of the Creber forest.  Finn gives one to Bellae.  It always has a weave pattern and the word “Inion” inscribed upon it.  It is forged with part of the fathers blood and a sliver of his birth tree with in it.  It serves as a symbol of a father’s love for his daughter.  The never ending knot or weave pattern is a reminder that the love between father and daughter will never end.  The blood, that a father will die before letting harm come to his daughter.  The sliver of bark from the father’s life tree is added to remind Elves of their connection with nature.
Isda: isda is Filipino for fish.  A substantial town in northern Piscium.  There is a rivalry with the Piscinian city of Iasc across the Juopa Soturi.  Besides territorial battles over fishing rights, they both claim to be the best sailors of Verngaurd.
J
Jaa: jää is Finnish for ice.  This country is the most unique and autonomous culture of Verngaurd.  A culture forged in the frozen tundra of the north.  Despite the ice-covered terrain there is abundant life in the sea and on land thanks to the distinctive thermal hot pools which are teaming with life.  The staggeringly beautiful Ice Palace, Palas Frusen, is built from the sparkling polar glacier ice and used for formal ceremonies and events.
Jalokivi Mine: jalokivi is Finnish for gem.  A large mine located in the largest mountain of the Droite range.  It is famous for its precious jewels.  It is one of the oldest mines and always has two influential representatives on the High Council of the Southern Dwarves. 
Juopa Cavula and Saturi: juopa is Finnis for gulf.  In Verngaurd Juopa, is the old Piscinian name for a gulf.  Therefore, their sailors named the two gulfs on the Eastern side of Verngaurd Juopas-Cavula and Saturi.  The two gulfs on the Western side of Verngaurd are called the Gulf of Lampo and Gulf of Dapur.
K
Kääpio, Mine of: kääpio is Finnish for dwarf.  This is the ancient name for the Dwarves before the common language took hold.  Although it is a small mine within the Southern Dwarf Kingdom, it is steeped in history and the site of many historical High Council meetings.
Kadotus, Bells of:  Kadotus is Finnish for doom or damnation.  They are the main warning bells of the Knights, kept at Castle Liberum.
Kaksi River: Kaksi is Finnish for two (as in the two rivers-North and South).  This river system flows out of Lake Pacis in Western Verngaurd before dividing into the North and South Kaksi Rivers.  The North Kaksi flows through the Forest of Creber and into Lake Qualitas.
Kala: kala is Finnish for fish.  This northern city is part of Piscium, but is better described as a series of associated villages.  The seas directly north of them often freeze during winter and they are expert ice-fishers.  They are fiercely independent and spread their huts far apart.
kalma-kunnia is Finnish for honorable death.  This medallion was given to children of fallen Knights.  It consisted of two rhomboid shapes, the top was slightly askew.

名誉Japanese for honor.  The symbol of the kalma-kunnia.
Kameli: is Finnish for camel.  A strange, hypnotizing beast of the desert.  It’s tan fur turns to black and white swirls on its face and chest.
Kansalain: or Citizen of the Forest of Creber.  Kansalainen is Finnish for citizen or national.  This is the title for Elves aged fifteen years or older who have not yet been chosen their vocation.
Karhuteri: modified from Finnish for bear-karhu.  This is one of the squads in Castle Liberum and the fourth squire squad in the astronomy class with the Pantteri, Tilkeri, and Elandiri.
Karst, Cliffs of: krsta is Slovenian for coffin.  A razor sharp outcropping of rocks that jut out of the see between the Isle of Hirmulisko and the Southern Dwarf Kingdom.  Because of the turbulent water around them, only the most fearless Piscinian sailors will try to navigate directly around them.
Kauhistaa is Finnish for terror/horrified.  These are specially designed gliders carried by Eaglians in battle.
Kavios Mine: καβγάς in Greek is fight.  Considered one of the major mines of the Southern Dwarves, it sends two representatives to the High Council.    It is one of the smaller mines still considered large enough to warrant representation on the council.  Its representatives are well known for their antagonistic attitude.
Kayda, Horns of (also known as the Hoyt):  käydä is Finnish for: to visit, begin, make war.  høyt is Norwegian for high.  A horn that was enchanted many years before by Magicians after a small group of Knights were ambushed and slaughtered when they were ruled by Kings.  It was enchanted to be incredibly loud to call for aid, and/or used for signaling in battle.
Kaynnissa Streams: käynnissä is Finnish for in progress or in motion.  These rivulets drain from the Marskimaa Wetlands, coalescing into the rivers of the Giant Redwood Forest.
Keski: Finnish for middle or central.  It is the river the young League of Truth stops in on the way to Cappadocia.
Kicsi Kapu:  Is Hungarian for small gate.  Mountain range in Southwestern Verngaurd.  A small pass, the Venio Pass is the only unobstructed way through the mountains.  They separate the Western Elves from the lower Forest of Creber.
Kippe is German for dump, stub, butt, bad situation.  It is a village Bardus is from, Knights go there on way to Tournament of Flags.
kirous is Finnish for curse or oath.  It is the name for the path of coals taken from the volcano Ainoa that the Proliate must walk across once every four weeks.
Kirvella Dragons: kirvelevä is Finnish for poignant and smart.  Males are blue and females brown.  These highly intelligent dragons stand erect at six to eight feet tall (eleven feet long with tail).  They are unable to fly or breath fire, but they are the ruling class of dragons and work closely with the Northern Dwarves.

Kirvella, Council of: these ruling elite love to discuss philosophy and are all named after ideas in Plato’s Republic.
1.  Eide (forms) 2.  Noesis (intellection)
3.  Chiffre(math) 4.  Dianoia (thought)
5.  Contatto (sensible things) 6.  Pistis (trust)
7.  Eikones (images) 8.  Eikasia (imagination)
Modified from: Plato's Republic Taught By Professor David Roochnik, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University, Boston University The Great Courses
Kissa Tuikea Mountains: kissa is Finnish for cat, tuikea is Finnish for sharp.  A mountain range that lines the Eastern coast of the main Proliate Island.  They are inundated with saber-toothed cats.
Ko stones: kő is Hungarian for stone.  White mountain stones found only in Jaa.
koddi: is Icelandic for pillow.  This is the sacred pillow that is used during meal time.  Usually they are brightly colored with black patterns.
Koori Mountains: 氷 or Kōri in Japanese is ice-a fitting name for these snow and ice capped peaks.  Within these mountains rests the capital of the Northern Dwarf Kingdom.
kotatu: or safe house is a combination of two Finnish words: taattu-safe and Koti-home).  The “safe-house” or home away from home for the ambassadors to the Citadel (formerly Cumhacht).  A tradition started with the Knights and reluctantly continued by the Proliate and Magicians.
Kova Cliffs: kova is Finnish for hard/intense/severe.  Rising over four-hundred feet out of the see, these cliffs on Balia Island are an impressive site.  On a clear day you can clearly see the second largest Proliate Island, Barsk, and its massive tower.  The Prolaite are not good sailors and steer clear of the surging water below the cliffs.
Kulta: is Finnish for gold.  It is a mine in Southern Dwarf territory.
Kumpu, Hills of: Kumpu is Finnish for hill or mound.  The Hills of Kumpu are rolling knolls where many Torahammas (fang sheep) live and there are hot springs full of fish.
kuollut flag: kuollut is Finnish for the dead.  A recognized symbol of surrender, a desire for negotiation, or request to collect your dead.  It is signaled by putting your own flag upside down with a white banner or flag on it.
Kursted: kursted is Danish for spa.  These are magma spa’s run for the Kirvella dragons or the intelligencia.  They are advertised to boost naphtha (flammable oil they produce to breath fire).
Kyla: kylä is village in Finnish.  This is the small capital of the Rebelde Plains.  It is little more than a glorified village-perfect for the citizens of this nation who value their space and privacy. 
laak-htua: Homehtua is Finnish for mold/mildew, lääke for medicine.  It is a salve oozed from blighted trees found in the Effeus woods.  It originates from a flowering mold like illness but it secretes an antibacterial like substance to prevent infection in wounds.
Lampo, Gulf of: lämpö is Finnish for heat, a nod to its location near the desert.  This is a mostly open gulf nestled in the Southwest corner of Verngaurd near the Desert of Calor and the Western Elves.
langur: it is Icelandic for long, it is the name of the siege engine that the Knights took to the Tournament.
Leabharlann Library:  Leabharlann is Irish for library.  The main library at Castle Liberum.
Leita, Falls: leita is Icelandic for search.  An immense waterfall in northern Verngaurd.  It is fed by the river of the same name and gives rise to the Fada River.  It is bordered by two very different forests: to the East-Effeus Woods; to the West-Arbre Fonce.
Leuat: Finnish for jaws or chops.  This was the name for the Southern Venrgaurd region inhabited by an ancient race of half-crocodile, half-human creatures known as Daoine Crogall.  This race was reportedly wiped out by the Southern Dwarves.
Liberum: is Latin for free.  It is the last great castle of Independent Knights.  Became of central importance after the fall of Cumhacht whcih was taken over by the Magicians.
lihumari Is a combination of two Finnish words that means flesh eater or meat gorger.  Liha means meat suursyömäri means gourmand or one who gorges. In Verngaurd it is a log like creature that excretes acid to liquefy the flesh for digestion.
Littosi: the official name for the League of Truth.  In Finnish liittosi is covenant.  Also, in Finnish liitto is alliance; true in Finnish is tosi.  Initially formed by the last of the Ainmhi Caint thousands of years ago when they stole the Macht Power crystals to keep them away from an unknown evil.  
loitsia is Finnish for to conjure or magic.  These “control” sticks are used by skilled wielders to create the illusory arts or prestidigitation.
Luminos is Latin for light, the second sun of Verngaurd.
Maatila: is Finnish for farm.  It is the capital of Ager. This city is ringed by a wooden palisade and has a few small towers.  Compared to the other capital cities of Verngaurd it is bucolic and unsophisticated.  To the unostentatious farmers of Ager, it is perfect.
Macht Power Crystals:  Macht is Dutch for power.  These five pairs of opposing crystals hold the key for magic in Verngaurd.  They recharge the mindre crystals that power the crosiers of the Magicians and White Wizard.
The Regenerator uses the Macht Crystals to recharge the mindre crystals.
Mali, Lake: Mali is Croation for small.  It is a lake just West of Arbre Fonce, fed by Satu River.  Satu is Finnish for fairy tale.
Mardin: first or morning sun of Verngaurd.  Taken from Irish for morning, maidin.
Marskimaa Wetlands: marskimaa is Finnish for marshland.  Tucked just under the Hills of Feen, this bogland gives rise to the Kaynnissa Streams.  Along with the Arbre Fonce, it helps the fragile ecosystem of Cappodocia stay in relative isolation.
Merja is Icelandic for crush.  It is the Proliator’s large and menacing spear.
Miksi River: miksi is  Finnish for why.  This river combined with a portion of the N. Azul River looks like a backwards question mark.  A branch of the North Azul River, it dumps into the Juopa Cavula.
mindre:  Is Swedish for lesser.  These lesser magical crystals are placed in the crosiers of the Magicians.  Eventually will lose power with use and need to be rejuvenated by incubation with the Macht crystals.

Mitte, Inukshuk: mitte is middle or central in German.  In Jaa these sacred stone landmarks are built out of rocks to look like a person.  They guide hunters in the blowing snow and serve as a place to commune with their ancestors.  The largest is names Mitte and sits in the middle of the country and due south from the famous Palas Frusen.
mhala draiochta: is Irish for magic bag.  This is the bag that Bellae carries to hold the Macht/Power Crystals.
Mohado Mire: mojado is wet is Spanish.  This massive marsh skirts a large portion of the Southern coast of Verngaurd.  This low lying area stays swamped all the time, however, at high tide it is saturated.
Moons of Verngaurd: 
1. Kuu is Finnish for moon.  Verngaurd’s smallest moon.
2. Vegrandis is Latin for small.
3. Migrus Muna Migrus-Latin for small.  Muna-change from luna, Latin for moon.
4. Feinelaud From the Welsh for small moon-feinedd leuad.
5. Mane: Måne is Swedish for moon.
6. Tungl is moon in Icelandic.
7. Mond is moon in German.
8. Celi is Welsh for heaven.
9. Himmel is Swedish for sky or heaven.
10. Nefol.  Welsh for heavenly, celestial.
11. I Fyny.  Welsh for up.
12. Oeri.  Welsh for cool or chill.
13. Largest moon is Stor-manen.  Norwegian, stor månen, is large moon.
Murbh: mürbe is German for mellow or friable.  This former castle crumbles just south of the Northern Dwarves.  It once served to protect the Storten Flower fields and Sprites and Fairies who resided there.  It was home to a branch of the Knights known as the “Mystic Knights.”  They believed that there was no reason to allow the Magicians to monopolize the use of Magic.  Their influence was starting to wane well before the Dark Wars and they were badly defeated by the Dark Warriors.  The castle was reduced to ruble and was abandoned to time and decay.
N
Nalkainen is Finnish for hungry.  He was the last king of the Knights.  Was overthrown because of his greed.  He was threatening the people he was supposed to serve.  Sparked refocus of the Knights towards service and protection of citizens.
naphtha: was likely a ingredient in “Greek Fire” developed by the Eastern Roman Empire/Byzantium.  The exact recipe is lost to history.  Some say the word came originally from the Persian word for bubbling oil, phonetically nafata.  In Verngaurd: it is the highly coveted and nearly inextinguishable substance that the fire breathing dragons produce.  Similar substances have been created, but the Northern Dwarves figured out how to farm the highly sought after liquid for use in warfare.
Nord: nord is north in French.  A fairly large community in Jaa east of the Palas Frusen.  They are historically bound to milk the torahammas-fanged sheep for the royalty and elite of Jaa.  This perilous task is handed down generation to generation.  Of course, many die each year trying to express the fatty liquid from these lethal, and undomesticated, animals.
obex:  Is Latin for barrier.  Is a magic net placed by Magicians for the arrow and siege engine competitions at the Tournament of Flags.  It helps make sure no spectator is killed or hurt and helps to score the results.
Opiskelli or Student of Forest of Creber.  Opsikella is Finnish for study.  This describes all Elves of Creber who are less than fifteen years of age.
Ovest, Temple: Ovest is Italian for west.  This Proliate stronghold is a concentric castle.  The outer wall is nearly sixty feet thick at the base and thirty-six feet thick at the top.  The inner wall is a sixteen feet thick.  This mammoth fortress was strategically placed near the Way of Trepas in Rettengolo.  Because the towering and jagged Tingij mountains effectively split the Eastern and Western sections of Verngaurd, the Way of Trepas is strategically vital.
Pacis, Lake: pacis is Latin for peace.  This small, but meandering lake that is fed by the massive Fada River in Western Verngaurd.  The Kaksi River system drains south from the lake.
Palas Frusen: palas is Irish for palace; frusen is Swedish for frozen.  This is the ice palace of Jaa.  Considered one of the wonders of Verngaurd.  Its inhospitable coldness restricts its uses to rare official ceremonies and galas.

Pantteri: is Finnish for panther.  Denotes a squad of Knights in Castle Liberum with panther emblem.

Parantaa is Finnish, to heal.  Name for the healers of the Knights.
Palvoa, Temple: is Finnish for deity/worship.  Storlax intentionally placed this temple in far western Piscium, knowing it would be a source of great contention to the Northern Dwarves who are rightfully starting to feel hemmed in.
Pescare: is Italian for fish.  This is the splendid capital city of Piscium.  The fishing hub of Verngaurd, it is a vivacious city with a pub for every fish market.  The city is said to wake at sunset to start fishing, and party through the night, sacrificing sleep for frolic.  
piada is Portuguese for joke.  For the Proliate it is a session to celebrate their wit and intelligence.  They sit around camp fire and try to mentally pin and tell jokes.
piros is red in Hungarian.  It describes a red fruit of the Toboz (Hungarian for cone) tree there that grows incredibly tall in the Mohado Mires.
Piscium/ The Piscinians: from Latin for fish, pisces.  This aquatic based country and society is nestled on the Northeast coast of Verngaurd.  They are famous for their sailing, soirees and swallowing ale.
Pitkalla Islands: pitkälle is Finnish for far.  A group of islands that were formerly called the Sentient Islands when the Sentientations (a group of human “seers” that had the gift of sentientation, like Bellae) lived there.
Placitum-Latin for accord or pact.  Are meeting rooms in Castle Liberum.
Prete: Italian for priest.  They are the priestly class of the Elves of Creber.  They oversee religious ceremonies.
Proliators (Proliate): from the Latin for to expand or increase, prolato.  It is also close to many languages word for prolitarian (member of the proletariat (working class).  An example is proletaari, in Finnish.  The Proliate nation, once considered backwards, has expanded out from their rocky islands on the Eastern edge of Verngaurd and become the premier force militarily and politically.  They have a workman like attitude towards everything they do and have greatly expanded their influence.

Qualitas, Lake: qualitas is Latin for nature/quality.  This massive lake is plopped right in the center of the Forest of Creber and gives rise to the Abhainn river.
raamattu prayer book: Finnish for bible.  It is the prayer book of the Proliate god Tallcon.  Legend states it was given to King Udistus by Tallcon himself upon the sacred Mount Ainoa.
Ragorsaf is Welsh for outpost.  It was the Proliate’s Westernmost Outpost.  Usually outposts are eventually turned into Temples or Fortresses.
rakkniv: is Swedish for razor.  Involves two projectiles fired simultaneously from two adjacent ballistas.  The two large bolts have a razor sharp wire attached that is meant to decapitate the enemy.
rakkniv-sla.  rakkniv-see directly above.  Slå is Swedish for beat or knock.  Two trebuchets are fired at once with spiked boulders and a series of razor sharp metal wires strung in between.
Ravinto Plant.  Ravinto is Finnish for food or nutrition.  This plant in Verngaurd is native to the plains and the entire plant from leaves, roots, and berries is edible.
Rebelde Plain: rebelde is rebel in Spanish.  This unique country is best described as somewhere between a land of freedom and a last chance for those kicked out or running from their previous home.  It sits on the vast open plains west of the massive Tingij mountains.  They have a loose form of governance that is often chaotic.
reikä: Finnish for puncture/hole.  These detested insects are endemic to the Forest of Creber.  They bore into the bark like skin of the Elves and have to be cut out in a very painful procedure.
Rettengolo: rettangolo is Italian for rectangle-the shape of the territory.  This is the name given to the territory of the Magicians and Proliate forcefully obtained when they took over Cumhacht.  The displaced villagers pleaded with the Knights, and Friar Isa protested, but his battered Knights had no muscle to throw behind their warning.  Cumhacht was renamed the Citadel.
Rikja: is Icelandic for dominate.  This complex game is also called Domination and was developed by the Kirvella Dragons.  It is played on two parallel boards with dice.  Players role the dice to determine points.  They then use those points to purchase various pieces.  The goal is to kill the opponents king while protecting your own.
rotasessius: Rota is Latin for wheel.  A wheelchair in infirmary of Knights.
runor: runoratsu is pegasus/winged horse in Finnish.  This is the winged horse that Veneficus will sometimes ride.  At any one time there is only one pegasus alive.  These asexual creatures lay an egg then die.
Rutilus Obitus: is Latin for red death.  The elite army of the Proliate Islands, they wear red armor and are responsible for guarding the temples.  They are also known as the Sanctus Division and Red Guard.
Saatana: from Finnish for satan or devil.  These giant red dragons are known for their fierce attitude and aggressive nature.  There is also a Saatana Division of the Northern Dwarf army that wear red and silver.
saighead: is Irish for arrow.  This weapon, developed by Knight Finn, is a triple shot bow.
Sanctus Division: sanctus is Latin for holy.  an alternative name for the elite army of the Proliate Islands, they wear red armor and are responsible for guarding the temples.   They are also known as the Rutilus Obitus and Red Guard.
Sanctus Kirja Flamma.  Sanctus is Latin for holy.  Kirja is Finnish for book.  Flamma is Latin for fire.  Bible of Tallcon (a phoenix god) in the religion of Proliators.  It is said that it was given to King Udistus directly by Tallcon on Mount Ainoa.
Sanctus Kivi: Sanctus is Latin for sacred/holy and Kivi is Finnish for stone.  An orangish-red stone from volcano of Proliate Islands.  Has natural glow, is indestructible and considered the left over material from Tallcon’s rebirth.  
sart cakes.  Sart is Danish for delicacy.  They are thick circular mushrooms that grow on the trees in the Effeus woods.  Very meaty and filling it is also incredibly delicious and considered a great delicacy by Fairies, Sprites and Elves.
Satu River: satu is Finnish for fairy tale.  This river ends up in Lake Mali and sits on the western border of Arbre Fonce.
Saturi, Juopa: saturi is Italian and Esperanto for saturate.  This gulf of Piscium, also home to Castle Taiheart of the Independent Knights, is bursting with fishing vessels of Piscinians.  
Sciocco, Village of: Sciocco is Italian for foolish.  It is a Village of Western Piscium that was sacked.  The Proliate blamed the Northern Dwarves and Dragons.
Scios: scrios is Irish for destroy.  Finn’s weapon is a sword with a chilling twist.  It has a razor sharp curved spike jutting out of one end.
simpukka is Finnish for mussel/mollusks.  These hard as metal shells are endemic to Piscium.  To make them tougher and last longer the Piscinian army soaks and bakes them in a thin iron coating.  The resultant color is a light blue to blue green.
Siochain Pass: síocháin is Irish for peace.  This narrow, but flat pass is sandwiched between the Teorainn Hills/Mountains and Central Jaa.
skall is Norwegian for shell.  This is the name for the Proliators famous shield wall or shell made by overlapping their shields.  It is fabled to impenetrable.
Sidus Heulwch: sidus is Latin for star, heulwen is Welsh sunshine. This weapon was developed by Sorea and Finn and is a multi-layered crossbow machine.  Meant to decimate an entire section of enemy ranks it has rows of crossbows ten across and five high.
Sini Delta: sini is Finnish for blue or the blue.  The largest delta in Verngaurd is formed by the South Azul River and Azul Dela River in Ager.  Those two rivers and this delta are part of the reason Ager is the highest producing country of Verngaurd.
sprak: språk is Norwegian for language-a sarcastic play on these huge, acid belching lizards that are endemic to the Proliate Islands and have been pseudo-domesticated.  Their gait is modeled on how komodo dragons walk.  They speak the language of destruction, and are so frightening they take the language from any mortal who lays eyes upon them.

stoova: stöðva is Icelandic for stop.  These large rectangular shields were designed by the Knight Sorea to hold up to a heavy cavalry charge or even a well-armored infantry attack.  They have four spikes on their lower edge which jut slightly backwards and are hammered into the ground.  Two cylindrical spikes in the middle and two barbed spikes on the ends.  Just over halfway up the shield is two larger poles which angled away from the attacking enemy.  They too are driven into the ground until half way up the poles where two squares sat, they were coated with metal spikes on the bottom to prevent the shield from slipping.  The center boss of the shield was the ingenious part.  From the attackers viewpoint it appeared to be a circular, slightly pointed brass boss.  However, just before the enemy would hit the shield, the Knight would push the cone shaped spike forward and twist, locking the three foot spike into place for the horses or infantry to impale themselves on.  

Storten Flower Fields: Storten is Dutch for deposit or pay.  A massive series of flower fields that grow in the watershed area East of the Koori Mountains.  These large meadows are full of wondrous flowers of all shapes, colors, and sizes.  Initially planted and maintained by the Sprites, they were driven off to Cappadocia by the Proliators in the Battle of the Fields centuries before.  The Proliators were little more than marauding bands at that time.  They had driven the Saatana Dragons from the Proliate Islands and had come to finish them off.  The Knights came and defeated the Proliators easily and set up the Northern Dwarf Protectorate.  The fields sit at the base of the Northern Dwarf and Dragon Kingdom and the flowers are now tended by the Dwarf women.
Suns: two suns-Mardin and Pheobus are twin star system.  Third, Luminachar, is actual center of the solar system around which the rest revolve.
1.  Mardin is taken from Irish for morning, maidin.  It is the first or am sun.
2.  Luminos is Latin for light.  It is the afternoon or second sun of Verngaurd.
3.  Pheobus phoebus is Latin for Sun.  It is the third or late afternoon sun.
Suoli: is Finnish for gut or bowel, i.e. they are known as the disembowelers.  One of the two divisions of the Piscium army.  They wear distinctive simpukka armor that resembled fish scales and made from the native mussel shell.  Instead of wearing a manica like the Retiarians, the Suoli carry a medium sized shield.  The bottom portion of the shield splayed out like the tail of a whale.  Around the bottom “tail-like” half of the shield a thick reinforced net hung to entangle spears and swords.  They carry an iaculum or disemboweling spear.  It had the typical sharp, leaf like blade but it’s shaft has several backwards facing barbs almost as large as the top spear.  After entering the body the spear’s backwards facing barbs would become entangled on bowel or other flesh and rip and pull them out.  They also carry two massive war machetes.
Sur or Southern Dwarves: sur is Galician for south.  These Dwarves have totally evolved for life in the mines where they greedily stalk the riches hidden within.
Tahti: tähti is Finnish for star.  This is the name for complete armillary.  The astronomy class when the squires are subjected/taught is run by Professor Lehtori.
Taiheart: modified from Irish word for north, Tuaisceart.  It is one of the last three Independent Knight castles.  The castle is the furthest north and run by Veli Falciss.
Takar, Path of: Hungarian for to hide/to cover.  It describes a path in the Northern Dwarf Territory through the base of Keha Haudella Volcanoes and Mount Honoo over River Vita.
tappaja is Finnish for killer.  It is carried by Varg.  At one end of a four foot long pole sits a narrow but savage looking axe, on the other end was a hook that ended in a triangular shaped blade (this side was used for dismounted cavalry or disemboweling an enemy).
Tarvella:  tärvellä is Finnish for destroy or spoil.  It is Ritari’s large weapon with a sharp spear tip.  The tip is so long it is more like a sword.  There are two panther heads on bottom of the blade that can catch an enemy sword.  The opposite end has a weighted hammer for counterbalance.
Tebeatha Springs: te is Irish for hot while beatha is Irish for life.  This series of warm springs in North of Jaa.  The water and land directly around this hot spring is teeming with life, an oasis of optimism in a frozen desert of the tundra.  It is heated from underground thermal vents.
Tekorava: tenner is Norwegian for teeth, ¿qué (pronounced “k”) is Spanish for what, and orava is Finnish for squirrel.  What teeth (on that) squirrel!  This is an animal typically found throughout Verngaurd.  It is has brownish fur.  It has sharp claws and long hooked canine teeth.  It stands about two feet tall at the shoulder and is about four feet long.   It has a large tail which ends in a curved spike.  It likes to live in trees and uses the tail to help its balance and to hold onto tree branches.
Templum Palaestra: Templum is Latin for Temple and Palaestra is an ancient Greek and Roman word for gymnasium, i.e. training.  In Verngaurd it is the mock training area for aspiring Magicians to learn Temple Magic.  Jumeaux is lead around by Chy and Kaveri.
Teorainn Hills and Mountains: teorainn is Irish for boundry/border/limit.  This small mountain range is dotted with hills, especially to the south.  They sit in north-central Verngaurd.  Notable landmarks near them: Siochain Pass, Lake Glasere, Hino Mountains, and Storm Fields.
Teras is Indonesian for terrace.  It is a massive mine in Southern Dwarf territory.
Tijd River System: tidj is Dutch for time.  Consisting of the West and East Tidj, they run down through the Southern Dwarf Kingdom to the East Mohado Mire.
Tilkeri: tiikeri is Finnish for tiger.  This is a squad of Knights and squires in castle Liberum named after the saber toothed cat of the Proliate Islands.  Battle the Panterri for Squad Champions.

Tingij Mountains: from tinggi which is tall/altitude in Indonesian.  A massive mountain range slicing north to south down central Verngaurd.  The tall jagged peaks are considered impassable.  Both ends are blocked by water making the only only bottleneck opening the steep cliffs of the Way of Trepas.
Toboz: tobozos is Hungarian for cone, as from a conifer tree.  In Verngaurd it is a tree that grows incredibly tall.  It actually has two sets of branches.  One holds a tough needle like leaf that can prick the skin.  The second type of branch has a beautiful red fruit called the piros (red in Hungarian).
Toil Shaor: From two Irish words: toil is will or desire, shaor is free.  One of the last three Knight castle’s.  Located with in southern Piscium.
Torahammas is Finnish for fang or tusk.  This animal is known as the “Fang-Sheep” of Jaa.  These animals live in small groups along the rolling hills of Jaa’s plains and the Kuorrataa (Finnish for frost or ice) Ice Springs.  They hunt and sspear fish with their long fangs and have been known to take down a Valkea Osolobos in a large pack.  They are fiercely loyal and protective and refuse domestication.  It’s milk is considered a costly delicacy.
Torpe: törpe is Hungarian for elf/elves.  This palatial city is as opulent as the Elf capital of Dunn, but much more relaxed.  Many wealthy Western Elves flock there to live and retire. 
Torpen Sea: torpens is Latin for petrified/stuporous/sluggish-an apt description of any who sailed past the death-dealing Cliffs of Karst.  The name for the body of water between the Isle of Hirmulisko and mainland Verngaurd (namely, the East Mohado Mire and the Mines of Kulta-part of the Southern Dwarf Kingdom).
Toten: töten is kill in German.  These leg bows were developed by Sorea as a way for one person to get massive power.  The shooter lays down and uses their legs to power a very large bow to drastically increase distance and power.
Trepas, Way of. Trepas is French for death.  Trepas, Way of: this is the only significant break in the monstrous sierra of the Tingij.  This massive mountain range effectively cuts Verngaurd in two.
Trompe: is French for horn or proboscis.  It is a large oxen like creature that has been domesticated by Ager to help with their agricultural lifestyle.  They have distinctive three toed feet instead of hooves.  Two large twisting horns face toward the front while a series of small horns line the back of the neck.  The yokes actually have areas drilled into them to help fit correctly onto spikes.
Trompe Nitista: Trompe: is French for horn or proboscis.  Nitistaa is Finnish for zap or kill. weapon of Ager made using the horns of Trompe attached to a handle, similar to a spiked war hammer or pick axe.
Tuima (Finnish for grim or stern) birds.  A vicious bird found only in the Forest of Creber.  Their beaks are so hard they are used in the kama or sickle weapon of the Varna-warrior Elves.
Tundor: tundo/tundor is Latin for beat, knock, strike.  This Western Elves’ village is the southernmost settlement in Verngaurd.  Warm coastal waters make fishing easy despite the occasional battering the shoreline takes with high waves.  It is considered provincial by the rest of the Western Elves.
uhri: is Finnish for victim, sacrifice, or offering.  It is a vestigial branch of the arbor breith (birth tree) of the Elves of Creber.  These branches are used for making their famous bows, other weapons, dishes, utensils, tables etc.
Ultor Divisions: is Latin for avenger. also known as the Silver Division of the Proliator army.  They are radically loyal and fierce fighters with or without their dreaded sprak. 
Ulven Squad: ulven is Norwegiean for wolf. This is a squad in Castle Liberum led by Knight Varg (a well respected and fierce fighter).
Umulig Mountains: umulig is Norwegian for impossible.  This mountain range sits as the northern cap above the Desert of Calor.  Along with the Aard mountains they completely block land passage into the desert save for the Báis te Pass (on the northeast corner of the desert).  There is no known path into Calor from the north.  They also help to restrict rain from reaching the desert.
Vahse Plains: وحشی is Persian for wild.  This sits in the open plains of Central Verngaurd.  It is best known as the home of the Cavalo Horses.
Valkea Osolobos: valkea is white in Finnish, oso is bear in Spanish, and lobos is wolf in Spanish.  The white wolf bear of the north has characteristics of a bear and wolf.  It stands up straight and has large large finger like claws.  It can even use weapons and fashion crude structures.  Its face is round and broad like a bear but with a longer wolf like snout.  Its fangs are impressively long.  It has a large fluffy tail like a wolf.  It hunts fish and the fang sheep or torahammasThey consider humans a delicacy are hated by the people of Jaa.

Valo: is light in Finnish.  These magical floating lights begrudgingly float in Veneficus’ office.  They move to whoever is talking or reading.  Each one has a face and a unique, if albeit odious personality: Alberto, Alfonso, Allessandro, Carmine, Deangelo, Enzo, Giovanni, Ignazio, Nino, Peppino.
Varna: värna is Swedish-protect, shield, defend.  This is the warrior class of the Elves of Creber.  It speaks to their desire to live in peace within their forest-they have no expansionist ideas.
Varuste: is Finnish for equipment.  This is the title for the equipment manager in Castle Liberum.  More than an armorer, he helps with any and all equipment and needs.  Currently the position is filled by the simple but sincere, Rusty.
Vasama is Finnish for bolt or arrow.  This small but highly trained group of Dwarves take their colors from the Kirvella or blue dragons.
Vastaus, Oasis: vastaus is Finnish for answer.  This is the largest oasis in the brutally hot Desert of Calor.  It is said that Alexander the great once found his way to the Siwa Oasis by following a flock of birds.  He was going to visit the oracle located there.
Veli: Finnish for brother.  This is the name of the Independent Knight leaders who presided over any remaining castles not controlled by the overall head, the Friar.  Currently there are only two: Veli Pingius and Veli Falciss.
Venio Pass: venia is Italian for pardon.  A narrow path (the only one) through the Kicsi Kapu Mountains of Southwestern Verngaurd.  Without its clemency you would have to travel far to the north to get around the mountains.
verndari: is Icelandic for protector.  This is the name of the anti-siege engine structures developed by Sorea.  They are loaded with trebuchets, sidus heulwch, and ballista on them to repel any attack against Liberum.
Verngaurd: verenigd is Dutch for united.  The lands of the west, it includes the large mainland, the Proliate Islands, and Isle of Hirmulisko.  There is long standing tension between Verngaurd and Ifrean, the collection of land masses to east, across the Dark Sea.
vetus: is Latin for old.  It is the name above the infirmary within Castle Liberum that Jumeaux helps out with.
Vioma: is Finnish intensity or strength.  These green dragons are the most numerous.  They are used by the Vioma Division of the Northern Dwarves as cavalry and are fitted with armor and a crossbow laden carriage.

virkelig: is Norwegian really!  It is a way for Magicians in training to be close to any friends in other hallways.  The physical hallways hold different levels of training.  The virkelig hallways are a way to open your door and be right next to a friend who is in a physically different hallway.
Visser: visser is Dutch for fisherman.  This is a loosely associated string of villages along the Visser Peninsula of Piscium.  They mostly fish in the Juopa Cavula due to the violently swirling waters of the lower Proliator Channel.  The plentiful mollusks along the coast are also a staple, many of which are only found in this area.
vita: is Italian for life.  It is the  “symbol of life” used almost everywhere in the agrarian society of Ager.  It is on their breast plates as well as on their flags.  The symbol has three pronged arrows, two pointing downwards and out to the sides.  The final one points straight up.
Vita, River: vita is Italian for life.  This river runs from the volcanoes of the Northern Dwarves to the Eluvies Delta.  The only major crossing is the Cosan Bridge.
Vouri squad: vuori is Finnish for mountain.  This was Friar’s squad when he was in training.  They were known as the mountain squad.  His fellow squire, Falciss, would later become Veli.  The future Friar was bullied by Calx.
Yliherra: lääninherra is Finnish for overlord.  This is a term used in ancient prophecy.
zaal’s: are Dutch for corridor or hallway.  It is what the four hallways in the citadel of the Magicians are called.  Each one has a color that corresponds with the shade of robes of the Magicians in-training that live there.

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